The research is now being refined in advance of fuller publication. Other hides, such as larger and smaller mammals, reptiles, fish, and even humans, have been experimented at one time or another for bookbinding materials, though none are found in collections in great quantities, nor do they match the traditional sources in durability and utility for their purpose. ‘I guess it makes sense as a mythology for the church to perpetuate as well, to prevent people from stealing,’ he added. ‘The idea is that it insulates between the panels of the door and the edges of the door,’ Ruairidh said, noting that the complex treatment could have altered the morphology of the animal hide to such an extent that it resembled human skin. What role, then, did the skins have in the medieval period? Jane directed Ruairidh to an early 12th-century book called De diversis artibus (‘On various arts’), which describes how to craft door coverings through the specialist treatment of horse, donkey, and cow hides. After being pointed towards other ‘Daneskins’ by medieval historian Professor Jane Geddes at the University of Aberdeen, Ruairidh subsequently obtained similar results for four Daneskins associated with St Michael and All Angels Church in Copford and with Westminster Abbey, confirming that all of these originated from common farmyard animals: cow, and horse or donkey. This confirmed that the skin was indeed a cow hide. Ruairidh, who presented the results of his research at the UK Archaeological Sciences Conference last April, took non-destructive samples from the Hadstock skin by using an eraser to collect collagen peptides for analysis with ZooMS fingerprinting techniques. The development of modern biomolecular analysis methods, including a protein analysis called ZooArchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS), however, has since afforded researchers more reliable techniques for differentiating between animal species. Gelatin processing plants are usually located near slaughterhouses, and often the owners of gelatin factories have their own slaughterhouses where. Animal bones, skins, and tissues are obtained from slaughter houses. ‘This was prior to Next Generation Sequencing technology, and cow was the most common lab contaminant,’ Ruairidh told CA. Gelatin is made from decaying animal hides, boiled crushed bones, and the connective tissues of cattle and pigs. Tom’s analysis, carried out two decades earlier when aDNA research was in its infancy, had indicated that the Hadstock skin came from a cow, but it was thought that this result was due to contamination in the laboratory. Tom had studied the ‘Daneskin’ associated with St Botolph’s Church in Hadstock, Essex (above), while undertaking his own doctoral research at the University of Oxford. Between 20 the exports of Animal Hides decreased by. This research was undertaken by University of Cambridge PhD student Ruairidh Macleod, on the suggestion of Professor Tom Gilbert, an evolutionary biologist and ancient DNA (aDNA) specialist at the University of Copenhagen. In 2020, Animal Hides were the worlds 19th most traded product, with a total trade of 84.2B. Add a touch of the wild with our soft tanned Real Animal Skins and Hides Wholesale for animal skin rugs, furniture throws and wall hangings, from blesbok. Image: Ruairidh Macleod, by permission of Saffron Waldon Museum.
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